Transporting Goods and the Environmental Impact

Understand how goods are transported.

• Modes
  Road; train; sea; plane; intermodal.
• Freight forwarders
  Facilitate the import/export of goods; facilitate international trading operations; route planning; bulk movement of goods; producing customs documents; obtaining insurance.
  
• Documentation
  Road – consignment note; forwarders certificate of receipt
  Rail – rail consignment note; CIM consignment note; forwarders certificate of receipt
  Sea – sea waybill; bill of lading; export license; certificate of origin; customs declarations; forwarders certificate of receipt; commercial invoice.
  Air – air waybill; export license; certificate of origin; customs declarations; forwarders certificate of receipt; commercial invoice.

Assessment Criteria

• 1.1

  Describe different modes of transportation.

• 1.2

  Explain the role of freight forwarders.

• 1.3

  Describe the key documentation required to transport non-hazardous goods by different modes.

Understand factors which impact on the transportation of goods.

Factors;

• within own borders
  Transport availability; size of goods; value of goods; speed limits; characteristics of the goods; distance between production/storage/customer, costs.
• across international borders
  As for within own borders plus, custom check points; quotas and tariffs; trade alliances; capacity of port of entry and exit. 

Assessment Criteria

• 2.1

  Explain factors which impact the movement of goods within own borders.

• 2.2

  Explain factors which impact the movement of goods across international borders.

Understand how to transport hazardous goods.

• Methods
  Follow the separation and segregation rules; use correct and adequate packing material/container; display hazard warning signs; carry relevant safety equipment; secure load; ensure personnel are correctly trained; ensure personnel know emergency drills and contact numbers.

• Documentation
  Dangerous good note; dangerous cargo manifest; dangerous goods declaration; container packing certificate; multimodal dangerous goods note.

Assessment Criteria

• 3.1

  Describe how to transport hazardous goods safely and securely.

• 3.2

  Describe the documentation required to transport hazardous goods by different modes.

Understand the environmental impact of transporting goods.

• Modes
  Road – air pollution; noise pollution; climate change; loss of natural environment.
  Rail – less air pollution than roads; less impact on the natural environment than road movements; removes vehicles from roads; lower greenhouse gas emissions than cars.
  Air – more CO2 produced than other modes; air pollution; noise pollution near airports; higher carbon footprint than cars; increased health problems for those living/working near airports.
  Sea – oil pollution; air pollution; noise is a threat to marine life; dumping waste at sea a threat to marine life.
  All the above are to consider the complexity of integrated global supply chains and the combined impact of a supply chain’s components.

• Methods
  Use cleaner fuels; use up-to-date, energy efficient modes of transport; use low emission vehicles/trains/planes/ships; fully laden vehicles/trains/planes/ships; effective route planning; locate distribution close to customers; move more freight by rail or water to reduce fuel consumption.

Assessment Criteria

• 4.1

  Explain how different modes of transport impact the environment.

• 4.2

  Explain ways in which to reduce the environmental impact of transporting goods.